Management of hyperthyroidism primarily aims at reducing secretion of thyroid hormones. Reducing secretion helps reduce symptoms and possible complications. Management includes:
1. drugs: include the use of Anti-thyroid drugs and adrenergic antagonists.
Anti-thyroid drugs: these include Propylthiouracil (PTU) or Methimazole (Tapazole). They are used to reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thereby reducing the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. They should not be used during pregnancy and lactation, because they have the ability to accelerate goitre and cretinism fruit.
Iodine compounds such as potassium iodide, Lugol's solution; or a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) are also used as additional therapy to reduce the release of thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland.
Adrenergic blockers: these drugs are used as additional medication to control nervous symptoms of hyperthyroidism. They help control anxiety, tachycardia and heat intolerance a. They include propranolol, Guanethidine, and Reserpine. Adrenergic blockers are used in combination with links to prepare a patient to iodide surgery of the thyroid gland.
2. radiation: radioactive iodine (131I) employs destroy tissue hyperactive thyroid. This helps reduce the secretion of thyroid hormones. Before treatment with radioactive iodine patient first processed anti-thyroid drugs for at least 6-18 months. Radioactive iodine should not be used during pregnancy and lactation, because he has the ability to penetrate in the placenta, and it is also secreted in breast milk.
3. Total thyroidectomy Surgery: which is the surgical removal of about 5/6-thyroid gland tissue helps reduce the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in some patients for a long period of time.
4. relief of discomfort: comfortable conditions must be provided to the patient. It should provide a cool bath and cool fluids to help support relief inconvenience due to intolerance to heat. Bedding should be changed frequently due to excessive sweating. Light clothes should also be used for the patient.
5. relief of anxiety: the patient must be in a quiet, tranquil and restful environment reduces the nervousness and hyper excitability. Patient and family should be well informed about the causes symptoms and what should be achieved by treatment. Visitors are likely to motivate the patient should be prevented from visiting him, so as not to worsen the symptoms. The patient should be assured that his emotional turmoil will decrease as treatment progresses.
6. self-evaluation: If the patient is very bad, mirrors are invalid in his room so as not to keep constantly, he knew about his poor condition. The patient should be reassured that he experiences the symptoms, which include changes in appearance, weight and appetite gradually disappears as preserve his regime. So the patient need not over burdening himself his disturbing imagery.
7. Liquids and nutrition: the liquid should be increased to replace fluid lost through perspiration, Polyuria and diarrhea. Foods that are high in protein, carbohydrates and calories should be given to prevent tissue breakdown, probably as a result of an increase in metabolic rate of. Vitamins B1 and c should improve the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Avoid stimulants such as coffee, tea, Cola because they increase nervousness. Highly seasoned foods should be avoided to prevent deterioration through increase peristalsis diarrhea.
8. observation: vital signs should be checked at least 4 per hour, with the emphasis on pulse and blood pressure. Adrenergic drugs tend to worsening heart failure. Due attention to the blood pressure will let you know when the condition becomes worse. Weight of the patient should also check and registered daily monitor the improvement in his power.
9. Skin and eye care: protecting against irritation, corneal ulceration and infection, if there is Exophthalmos through the imparting of 0.5-1% methylcellulose which remained in the eyes. This helps prevent drying and has a soothing effect on the conjunctiva. Sunglasses should be worn to prevent the ingress of dust and dirt on the eyes. Pressure areas should be considered for prevention of pressure sore if a patient is confined to a bed.
10. Patient education: dosage, side effects and complications of prescribed drugs should be explained to the patient. He should understand the signs of thyroid storm and conditions that may cause thyroid storm or crisis. Because of the possibility of developing hypothyroidism, as resulting from the use of anti-thyroid drugs prolong or radioactive iodide importance for long-term treatment should be given special attention.
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