Hyperthyroidism-the pathophysiology of

Over stimulation of the thyroid gland leads to hyperplasia and subsequently increases the secretion of thyroid hormones. Cell growth and multiplication is evident in the expansion of cancer. Notable changes are happening in all parts of the body due to an increase in hormone secretion.

No outline in metabolic rate, demonstrating the unauthorised reception in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Accelerated protein and fat metabolism lead to weight loss and muscle weakness. The body tries to remove weight loss and so increases the appetite of the patient.

Patient is unable to tolerate the heat as growth in the metabolism of the body. Surface capillaries distributed increases peripheral blood flow and increase cardiac output as the body tries to remove excess heat from the system. This is for warm and humid skin and sweat.

Cardiac output growth combined with hormonal effects on the sympathetic nerves brings palpitation and tachycardia. There may be ectopic beats or atrial fibrillation in elderly. The rise in systolic blood pressure and pulse. The heart tries to compensate for the increase and may eventually become overwhelmed and complete.

Increase metabolism also increases the absorption of glucose from the intestine. This excessive absorption of glucose triggers off glyconeolysis, which in combination with glucose absorption leads to Hyperglycemia. Excessive blood glucose results in the release of insulin in the blood stream that leads to a rapid decline in blood glucose. This glyconeolysis insulin release would lead to rapid growth and a drop in blood glucose level as well.

As a result of the increase in metabolic rate increases oxygen consumption. Increase the metabolic rate of combined with increased oxygen consumption leads to changes in the perception and coordination. Increased sympathetic activity and increase blood flow to the brain cause nervousness, tremor, hyperactivity, hyper excitability, restlessness, irritability, and insomnia.

Adrenergic activity results in increased refutation of the upper eyelid, which is increasing the sclera impact or Proptosis. Enhanced adrenergic activity also causes tremors fine muscles that are visible when the patient hands outstretched.

Excessive thyroid hormones exert some influence on the sympathetic nervous system, which lead to increase peristalsis, producing increased frequency of bowel movements (diarrhea).

Notable changes in the reproductive systems. There is no increase in sexual desire or low floor drives in both sexes. The thyroid is sometimes gynaecomastia men, whereas oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhea in females. However, there may be reductions in fertility in severe hyperthyroidism.

It becomes thinned skin and hair, fine, soft and directly due to an increase in thyroid hormone secretion.

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